Presidential system is easier to drive a country’s
development than the semi-presidential system. Presidential system is a system
of government form in which the president is the head of the state and the
government, the president is elected directly by the people. There are three
branches in this system, such as executive, legislative and judicial. This
system is constitutionally independent of one another, and no branch is able to
discontinue or disband any other. Each branch is given a particular power to
examine and equilibrium the one other. The duty to enforce the law, the
legislature to enact and the court to judge is in presidents responsible.
Whereas semi-presidential system is a type of government system that mixes
characteristics of presidential and parliamentary. In this system, the
president shares the obligations of the public administration or executive
power of the state with a prime minister, like president is the head of the
state and prime minister is the head of government. Both have decision making
power in the government and are responsible for complementary functions, and
this system is known as dual executive. Although both are government systems,
the presidential system is better because the country that adopts the
presidential system their country is developing and advanced in infrastructure
and economic growth.
Firstly, the presidential system is better because the
country that adopts a presidential system is easy to drive a country’s
development like infrastructure, because in this system the president has power
as a chief of the state and the executive power. The president can take any
decision, like execute any plan that gives benefit to the country and a
well-being of the population, such as reconstruction the roads, bridges, airport,
port, specially to develop the road to the remote area, electricity to all
population in a country, so that people can feel a country’s development. For
instance, Indonesia is a country that adopts presidential system and their
country’s development is more and more developed under the president Jocowi’s
ruling. According to Southeast Asian Affairs (2016) found that, “the current
state of infrastructure in Indonesia is better than after the economy was hit
by the 1997 Asian financial crisis” (p.145). It means that the power that he
has as president he can develop something that gives benefit to the country no
one can intervene. So, Based on the presidential system president Jokowi is
able to develop Indonesia’s infrastructure like roads, bridges, airport, and
electricity supply for the country’s development and people’s happiness.
Secondly, the presidential system is easy to develop
economically in a country because in this system is constitutionally
independent, which each branch has responsibility for their own work, and
execute the program based on the plan that has. In the presidential system, the
president has power to control all the department acts through those who bellow
in president’s direct administration. In addition, the president also has power
to set up a bilateral and multilateral relationship among other countries in
order to support economic expansion and stabilize good business relationships.
For instance, “the U.S. and South Korea are advanced economies governed by the
presidential system, and china has achieved very successful economic growth
over the two last decades under a presidency” (Yaman, 2017, para. 2). So, in
this system it is easy to drive economic growth in a country because no one can
intervene the president for any execution plan that is beneficial to the
country.
On the other hand, Araral (2017) research shows that “semi
presidential system is better because it unites the strengths of the
presidential and parliamentary system, firmness, stability, efficiency,
accountability and familiarity, and nullifies their risks and weaknesses”
(para. 3). Also another country like Ireland and Portugal adopts a
semi-presidential system and their country is developed and economically going
well. While this may be true but not for all countries that adopt a
semi-presidential system. For example, Timor Leste is a country that adopts a
semi-presidential system. Its development is very difficult to drive on,
because of the system that depends on each other, like the president has
limited power and its unable to take any decision alone, unless he cooperates
with the prime minister because prime minister is the executive power. In this
system the problem that always occurs is the general state budget fails in the
parliament, if it fails then it takes a long duration to debate it again, and
if it fails two times, but no solution then the government falls. So, it has a
negative impact on the country, like the number of unemployment increase, and
poor level also increasing. For instance, the problem that Timor Leste faces is
general state budget debate fails and the leaders in the parliament always
intervene each other, this problem repeatedly since independence until today,
and Timor Leste is in economical crisis, because political impasse that
occur in VIII constitutional government have not solved yet. It's difficult and
takes a long time to solve because all the leaders come up with their own idea
that is different and always intervene with each other. That is why,
semi-presidential system is not better for all countries that adopt this
system.
In conclusion, the presidential system and
semi-presidential system, both are systems of government form, but different in
the executive power such as in presidential system the chief of the state and
the government is the president, and this system is constitutionally
independent. The president is the supreme power to take the decision for the
implementation of the program that gives benefits to the country. While the
semi-presidential system the president is the chief of the state and prime
minister is the chief of the government. In this system is depending to each
other, which the president cannot take decision alone unless cooperate with
prime minister, and prime minister also unable to take any decision for the
implementation of the program unless debate in the parliament to know the
parliament is approve or not. This system has two heads in a country which is
always dependent on others, therefore intervention always be there and uneasy to
drive the country goes on. Despite this, the country that adopts a semi-presidential
system but this system is complicated to drive the country’s development should
change this system to presidential system because the presidential system is
better to drive the country goes on.
References
Araral, E.
JR. (2017, October 26). Why do we need a semi-presidential form of government?
Retrieved from https://www.manilatimes.net/2017/10/26/opinion/analysis/need- semi-presidential-form-government/358706/
Southeast
Asian Affairs(2016). Indonesia infrastructure development. Journal article, p.145.
Yaman, S.
(2017, January 3). What are the potential effects of the presidential system?
Dalily
Sabah. Retrieved
from https://www.dailysabah.com/op-ed/2017/03/01/what-are-the-
potential-effects-of-a-presidential-system-on-the-economy
By:
Eurosia G. Pereira
Level:
Access Academi
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