Politika no Siensia Politika

               
                                    Materia Baziku no Interesante hodi komprende Politika.

Polítika, hanesan liafuan ne’ebe hamosu pensamentu oioin iha ema nia hanoin. Ema balun gosta koalia kona ba politika no governu mas balun mos ladun gosta, ema balun la dun gosta karik la ho konesimentu ne’ebe klean katak ne’e saida. Iha definisaun diferensia ne’ebe mak existe kona ba politika. Definisaun ida hatudu katak politika define nu’udar  konflitu entre grupu ida ho grupu seluk kona ba buat ne’ebe mak sira interese. Iha definisaun seluk ne’ebe mos atu hanesan, poitika katak “se mak bele hetan buat ruma, bainhira, no oinsa”. Governu define hanesan instituisau ida ne’ebe iha enforceable right/direito executório atu kontrola lalaok ema nian no sistema estadu nian. Maibe tamba sa mak ema balun la dun gosta politika no politika nain sira? Ida ne’e tamba deit politika nain sira la hetan fiar (não pode ser confiável), ou karik tamba deit sira gasta osan barak liu maibe la fo benefisia ba povu? Bele iha razaun saida deit atu gosta ou la gosta politika no governu, ida ne’e hanesan mekanizmu ida ne’ebe ema presiza atu proteje sira nia an rasik. Posivelmente, se ema desenvolve  hodi komprende diak politika no governu, sira bele muda sira nia mentalidade kona ba problema refere. Ida ne’e bele mos hare’e liu husi varius tipu kona ba governu no oinsa sira evolved/evoluiu.

Governu iha tipu rua ne’be mak existe. Governu bele klassifika nu’udar Monarkia no Republika. Ba klassifikasaun nu’udar monarkia, governu tenki iha rasik familia real(royal family) hodi bele hatutan/kontinua sira nia poder/power. Monarkia  mos existe iha tipus ne’ebe diferente. Monarkia bele mos iha monarkia limitada, monarkia konstitusional, no monarkia absoluta.

Monarkia limitada hanesan monarkia ida ne’ebe iha deit poder ceremoniais. Exemplu hanesan iha United Kingdom. Ratu Elizabeth konsidera nu’udar Queen/Ratu, nia la iha authority iha prosesu legislativu e não lida com o parlamento. Monarkia limitada so iha deit keluarga kerajaan/família real ba seremonia sira ne’ebe relasaun ho tradisaun.

Tipu monarkia segundu mak monarkia konstitusional. Iha tipu monarkia ida ne’e, Monarch/Liurai  iha poder/power ne’ebe fo husi konstituisaun iha nasaun ne’e rasik. Exemplu mak hanesan nasaun Sweden. Liurai/Monarch so iha deit  poder no uza nia poder bazeia ba poder ne’ebe fo  husi konstituisaun iha nasaun ne’e rasik.

Tipu ikus mak monarkia absoluta. Iha monarkia absoluta, monarkia iha authority ne’ebe mak aas (autoridade suprema) no absoluta hodi halo buat saida deit mak presija. Exemplu mak hanesan akontese iha nasaun Saude Arabia. Iha Saude Arabia, royal family (keluarga kerajaan) bele aplika kualker lei ne’ebe que desejar/wishes, la preokupa ho lei ne’e nia aat ba nasaun. Monarkia absoluta dala barak sai oppressive/opressivas ba nia povu rasik. Exemplu, iha Saude Arabia iha lei ne’ebe que foi rigorosamente aplicado husi royal family. Ema sira ne’ebe mak hela iha nasaun ne’e la iha lian iha monarkia absoluta.

Tipu governu segundu mak Republika. Republika hanesan governu ne’ebe mak la iha monarch/Liurai. Republika mos fahe ba parte tolu. Republika klasifika hanesan, Ditadura/Dictatorship, Oligarquia/oligarchy, no Demokrasia.

Tipu republika primeiru mak Ditadura, hanesan governu ne’ebe lidera husi komander ida deit. Por exemplu, nasaun Iraq. Saddam Hussein (matebian ona) mak sai hanesan Dictator/commander  iha Iraq durante nia ukun. Buat saida deit mak nia deside, ida ne’e mak sai lei. Ditadura atu hanesan ho monarkia absoluta ne’ebe mak sira sai oppresiva tebes ba povu ne’ebe hela iha nasaun ne’e. Major diferente entre ditadura no monarkia absoluta mak, monarkia absoluta familia mak hatutan ou kontinua sira nia poder, enquanto dictatorship frequentemente takeovers husi military kuandu  iha ema selecionado ne’ebe rejeita atu recuar husi nia kargu ofisial.

Tipu  republika  segundu  mak Oligarquia hanesan nasaun ne’ebe lidera husi algumas pessoas/ema oituan. Exemplu ba oligarquia, uluk akontese iha South Africa durante Apartheid. Durante Apartheid, ema mutin sira, kuaze 25% husi total populasaun iha nasaun ne’e, sira mak iha poder hodi lidera/commanded rikusoin hotu iha south Africa. Iha momentu ne’e, ema kulit metan sira, la iha obrigasaun atu envolve  an iha prosesu politika no obriga sira atu hela deit iha area-area ne’ebe identifikadu. Apartheid agora elemina ona iha South Afrika, no ema kulit metan sira maioria mak kontrola ona prosesu politika no governu.

Tipu republika ikus mak Demokrasia, ne’ebe dala barak konsidera hanesan iha nasaun United States. Iha democrasia, lidera husi maioria. Demokrasia lidera husi maioria ne’ebe hili liu husi votasaun no eleisaun ofisial sira. Povu iha nasaun ne’e bele hili ofisial ida ne’ebe sira hakarak fihir hodi bele representa sira. Dalabarak ema konsidera nasaun United States mak sai hanesan nasaun ne’ebe demokrasia, no iha mos opozisaun hodi halo argumentu no balansu. Devido em parte populasaun kiik ne’ebe  escolher iha U.S, ida ne’e la bolu oligarquia ou lidera husi algumas pessoas/ema oituan? Ida ne’e fo perguntas ida mai ita katak governu nia forma ne’e mak oinsa.      

Ema barak konfuzaun oinsa mak governu ne’e mosu. Iha main teoria haat ne’ebe hatudu kona ba origin governu nian. Mak hanesan teoria Divina, teoria Natural,  teoria do Pacto Social/social compact theory no teoria da Força.

Teoria Divina mak hanesan teoria Relijiaun ne’ebe mak governu ordenado husi Maromak. Exemplu husi teoria Divina mak hanesan Profeta Moises. Ne’e essensial atu dehan katak kria governu hodi servi Maromak. Teoria Divina existe tinan barak liu ba no ohin loron sei adopta nafatin.

Teoria segundu bazeia ba origin do governu mak teoria Natural, ne’ebe dezenvolve husi Aristoteles, Socrates, no Plato. Teoria ida ne’e afirma katak pessoas são animais politicos, e por nossa propria natureza, presicamos ter governo para sobreviver. No teoria ida ne’e fiar katak se tipu balun husi teoria ida ne’e mak la existe, os humanos não poderia sobreviver.

            Teoria do pacto social/social compact theory, defenido husi ema ne’ebe ho pensamentu aas hanesan Thomas Hobbes no Jhon Locke, propõe katak governo ne’e deliberadamente criado por pessoas. Teoria ne’e afirma katak se povu iha, governu la iha mak povu sei falta de protesaun no seguransa ba sira nia vida. Ho razaun ida ne’e sira forma governu. Ligadu ho teoria ne’e rasik hatudu katak, governu atu proteje no servi povu iha nasaun ida. Enquanto Hobbes no Locke defendiam essa teoria, sira la konkorda ho xefe do governu ne’ebe mak necesariu atu protégé povu. Hobbes sujere Liurai, enquanto Locke hanoin Comite mak diak liu.

Teoria ikus husi origin do governo mak teoria da força. Teoria da força afirma katak governu mosu hanesan resultadu husi conquista e força. Karl Marx defende makaas liu teoria ne’e. Marx fiar katak governu is bad/aat no povu sei koko hodi revolta hasoru governu. Marx mos prediksi katak o governo acabaria sendo derrubado e o mundo não teria governo. Enquanto Marx suporta atu revolta hasoru governu sei la akontes hanesan buat ne’ebe mak nia espera. Os grandes levantes e da classes media que Marx prediksi katak revolusaun industria sei la akontese. Em vez disso, fo servisu barak, povu sei iha razaun ne’ebe limita atu revolta. 

Tipu do governo no teoria husi origin do governo descrita iha artigu ida ne’e,  espera katak bele fo komprendesaun baziku kona ba saida mak governu ne’e rasik. Em jeralmente ema balun la dun gosta koalia kona ba governu, la ho konesimentu katak saida mak ida ne’e ou saida mak teoria nee nia origin. Esperansa boot liu husi artigu ne’e, ema bele hahu komprende klean kona ba politika no governu, no konsiente katak ne’e laos buat ne’ebe mak atu gosta ou la dun gosta. Bainhira ema aprende kona ba saida mak prosesu politka no governu, nia sei gosta liu tan atu foti asaun hodi envolve an. Tamba ne’e maski ho komprendesaun/konesimentu ne’ebe baziku kona ba politika no governu maibe ida ne’e importante ba ema atu hatene no komprende iha nasaun ida.   

Ba maluk sira ne'ebe lee ona artigu ne'e, keta haluha fo komentariu bazeia ba maluk sira nia hnoin, ideas, ou opinion hodi bele hadia artigu ida ne'e ho diak no sai mos hanesan lisaun ida ba atan hau hodi aprende atu hadia diak liu tan artigu sira tuir mai. Hakru'uk no ho haraik an simu maluk le'e nain sira nia komentarius👏💖. Ikus hakarak hateten mos katak nu'udar ema humanu la ses husi sala, nune'e mos artigu ida ne'e sei la hases husi erru.👏

Author : 

               Jason Yonan  (Orijinal article klick iha link okos. 👇  

               http://illinoisstate.edu/~jnassar/politics.html

Halo Tradusaun:

          Eurosia G. Pereira

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Ita Hotu nia Kolaborasaun bele Prevene Covid-19 iha ita nia Familia, ita nia Environment no ita nia Nasaun

Ita hotu nia kolaborasaun bele prevene Covid-19 iha ita nia familia, Environment no ita nia Nasaun

Covid-19 sai ameasa global iha mundu tomak, lori tristeza boot ba mundu tomak 😷, halo ema hotu paniku, mundu tomak tanis no halerik 😷, tamba la iha dalan atu avoid husi covid-19. Preokupasaun, duvidas, perguntas oioin mosu iha hanoin, sinal saida mak ne’e? situasaun ida ne’e difisil tebes atu hasoru maibe la iha dalan seluk, ita tenki kolabora hamutuk hodi bele halo prevensaun ba disease ida ne’e. Tamba la iha dalan seluk except prevensaun, no prevensaun sei la iha solusaun bainhira ema hotu halo tuir ida-idak nia hakarak no lakoi kolabora hamutuk.

    Ø   Oinsa Atu Prevene Covid-19?

-          Hatoman an atu pratika lalaok sira ne’ebe fo sai ona husi Ministeriu da Saude no Organizasaun da Saude Mundial hanesan:

1.     Fase liman hela deit depois de kaer buat ruma (fase liman ho sabaun mais ou menus 20 segundus pois fase mos ho bee ne’ebe mos).

2.      Taka ibun no inus ho tisu ou liman sikun bainhira fani no mear.

3.    Evita touching face hanesan matan, inus no ibun, tamba matan, inus no ibun hanesan dalan ne’ebe fasil liu atu virus tama ba isin lolon.

4.  Evita halo komunikasaun ho ema seluk ho distansia ne’ebe besik (karik halo komunikasaun ho ema seluk fo distansia mais ou menus 1 meter). Tamba virus ne’e daet husi ema ida ba ema seluk liu husi distansia komunikasaun ne’ebe besik, besik ema ne’ebe mear ou fani, se kuandu ema ne’e iha ona symptomas Covid-19.

5.      Halo self isolate iha uma bainhira iha ona ordem husi estadu. Self isolate importante atu prevene an husi Covid-19, tamba nia bele daet ba ita bainhira ita halo movimentu iha fatin publiku sira ne’ebe rame. Siapa tau ita hasoru ema afetadu ruma iha fatin sira hanesan ne’e, no ita la sadar nia bele daet ba ita.

6.      Uja masker 😷bainhira sai ba fatin ruma (necessidade emerjensia ruma ne’ebe presija tebes atu sai). 💪💪💪

     Ø  Enkoraja 💪💗

Ba maluk sira ne’ebe senti “mear maran, isin manas, inus been, no kelelahan” (WHO). Keta tauk no paniku uluk maibe tenki ba lalais Sentru Saude hodi bele hetan tratamentu ou prevensaun ba symptomas refere.

    Ø  Oinsa Atu Kolabora Hamutuk?

Bainhira ema hotu iha konsensia no komprensaun hodi pratika maneira de prevensaun ne’ebe fo sai husi Ministeriu da Saude no Organizasaun da Saude Mundial hanesan iha etapa-etapa leten ne’e, signifika ema hotu iha konsiensia hodi kolabora hamutuk hodi halo prevensaun ba Covid-19 iha ita nia familia, environment no ita nia nasaun. 💪

   Ø  Ba Maluk sira ne’ebe Gosta Kumpul-Kumpul hodi Dada Lia

Maluk sira bainhira ordem husi estadu tun ona hanesan, eskola sira ferias ou labele ba eskola, no self isolate, koko atu halo tuir no kolabora. Ba provizoriu soe tiha lai toman at sira ne’ebe gosta tur grupu-grupu sira ne’e, tamba situasaun ida ne’e perigu tebes ba ita hotu atu kuidadu an. Se ulun toos, lakoi halo tuir no kolabora signifika ita boot  rasik hakarak atu ba uluk mundu seluk (mate), maski dala barak ema koalia dehan mate iha Maromak nia liman laos iha Covid-19 nia liman, maibe hau hateten liafuan ne’e sei sai sia-sia deit bainhira ulun toos. Ne’e duni keta ulun toos demais maibe koko pratika maneira de prevensaun sira ne’e, keta hatudu brani demais. Tamba situasaun ida ne’e situasaun ida ne’ebe perigozu tebes. 👏

Maluk sira mai ita hamutuk luta hasoru covid-19, liu husi pratika maneira de prevensaun. Ita  hotu nia kolaborasau bele prevent Covid-19 iha ita nia familia, sociedade no nasaun. God the Almighty Save us. 👏👏👏

👏Keta haluha share tutan ba maluk sira, no fo mos ita boot sira nia komentariu, opinion ou koriji liafuan ruma nebe ladun relavante tamba nudar humanu nebe la sees husi sala sempre iha erru oioin. Nee duni ho haraik an no agradese ba maluk sira nia koreksaun, no hadia hanoin hirak ne'e hodi ita hamutuk luta hasoru Covid-19 liu husi dalan prevensaun.💪💪💓

By: Eurosia G. Pereira

Level: Access Academi 

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Argument Essay - Presidential System is better than Semi Presidential System

Presidential system is easier to drive a country’s development than the semi-presidential system. Presidential system is a system of government form in which the president is the head of the state and the government, the president is elected directly by the people. There are three branches in this system, such as executive, legislative and judicial. This system is constitutionally independent of one another, and no branch is able to discontinue or disband any other. Each branch is given a particular power to examine and equilibrium the one other. The duty to enforce the law, the legislature to enact and the court to judge is in presidents responsible. Whereas semi-presidential system is a type of government system that mixes characteristics of presidential and parliamentary. In this system, the president shares the obligations of the public administration or executive power of the state with a prime minister, like president is the head of the state and prime minister is the head of government. Both have decision making power in the government and are responsible for complementary functions, and this system is known as dual executive. Although both are government systems, the presidential system is better because the country that adopts the presidential system their country is developing and advanced in infrastructure and economic growth.

Firstly, the presidential system is better because the country that adopts a presidential system is easy to drive a country’s development like infrastructure, because in this system the president has power as a chief of the state and the executive power. The president can take any decision, like execute any plan that gives benefit to the country and a well-being of the population, such as reconstruction the roads, bridges, airport, port, specially to develop the road to the remote area, electricity to all population in a country, so that people can feel a country’s development. For instance, Indonesia is a country that adopts presidential system and their country’s development is more and more developed under the president Jocowi’s ruling. According to Southeast Asian Affairs (2016) found that, “the current state of infrastructure in Indonesia is better than after the economy was hit by the 1997 Asian financial crisis” (p.145). It means that the power that he has as president he can develop something that gives benefit to the country no one can intervene. So, Based on the presidential system president Jokowi is able to develop Indonesia’s infrastructure like roads, bridges, airport, and electricity supply for the country’s development and people’s happiness.

Secondly, the presidential system is easy to develop economically in a country because in this system is constitutionally independent, which each branch has responsibility for their own work, and execute the program based on the plan that has. In the presidential system, the president has power to control all the department acts through those who bellow in president’s direct administration. In addition, the president also has power to set up a bilateral and multilateral relationship among other countries in order to support economic expansion and stabilize good business relationships. For instance, “the U.S. and South Korea are advanced economies governed by the presidential system, and china has achieved very successful economic growth over the two last decades under a presidency” (Yaman, 2017, para. 2). So, in this system it is easy to drive economic growth in a country because no one can intervene the president for any execution plan that is beneficial to the country.

On the other hand, Araral (2017) research shows that “semi presidential system is better because it unites the strengths of the presidential and parliamentary system, firmness, stability, efficiency, accountability and familiarity, and nullifies their risks and weaknesses” (para. 3).  Also another country like Ireland and Portugal adopts a semi-presidential system and their country is developed and economically going well. While this may be true but not for all countries that adopt a semi-presidential system. For example, Timor Leste is a country that adopts a semi-presidential system. Its development is very difficult to drive on, because of the system that depends on each other, like the president has limited power and its unable to take any decision alone, unless he cooperates with the prime minister because prime minister is the executive power. In this system the problem that always occurs is the general state budget fails in the parliament, if it fails then it takes a long duration to debate it again, and if it fails two times, but no solution then the government falls. So, it has a negative impact on the country, like the number of unemployment increase, and poor level also increasing. For instance, the problem that Timor Leste faces is general state budget debate fails and the leaders in the parliament always intervene each other, this problem repeatedly since independence until today, and  Timor Leste is in economical crisis, because political impasse that occur in VIII constitutional government have not solved yet. It's difficult and takes a long time to solve because all the leaders come up with their own idea that is different and always intervene with each other. That is why, semi-presidential system is not better for all countries that adopt this system.

In conclusion, the presidential system and semi-presidential system, both are systems of government form, but different in the executive power such as in presidential system the chief of the state and the government is the president, and this system is constitutionally independent. The president is the supreme power to take the decision for the implementation of the program that gives benefits to the country. While the semi-presidential system the president is the chief of the state and prime minister is the chief of the government. In this system is depending to each other, which the president cannot take decision alone unless cooperate with prime minister, and prime minister also unable to take any decision for the implementation of the program unless debate in the parliament to know the parliament is approve or not. This system has two heads in a country which is always dependent on others, therefore intervention always be there and uneasy to drive the country goes on. Despite this, the country that adopts a semi-presidential system but this system is complicated to drive the country’s development should change this system to presidential system because the presidential system is better to drive the country goes on.

References

Araral, E. JR. (2017, October 26). Why do we need a semi-presidential form of government?

Retrieved from https://www.manilatimes.net/2017/10/26/opinion/analysis/need-      semi-presidential-form-government/358706/

Southeast Asian Affairs(2016). Indonesia infrastructure development. Journal article, p.145.        

            Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/26466924

Yaman, S. (2017, January 3). What are the potential effects of the presidential system? Dalily

Sabah. Retrieved from https://www.dailysabah.com/op-ed/2017/03/01/what-are-the- potential-effects-of-a-presidential-system-on-the-economy          

By:
            Eurosia G. Pereira
Level:
            Access Academi



Feel free to write your comments bellow 👇to make this argument more stronger.

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Research Paper - Posted by: Ezhy Guper's

COMPARISON BETWEEN PALM DATES USING SALTY WATER WITH FERTILIZATION AND PALM DATES USING SEWAGE WATER WITHOUT FERTILIZATION

                     

BY

       EURÓSIA  GUTERRES  PEREIRA

        Supervisor         : Nadav Tour
             Farmer       : Yashika  Aviv

ARRAVA  INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR AGRICULTURE TRAINING

      
 AICAT – ISRAEL

        2016 - 2017

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Israel is a small country located in Middle East. The total area of the State of Israel is 22,145 sq.km.(8,630 sq. miles), of which 21,67sq.km. (8,367 sq. miles) is land area. Israel is some 290 miles (470 km.) in length and about 85 miles (135 km.) across at the widest point. The country is bordered by Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the southwest and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Israel's climate ranges from temperate to tropical, with plenty of sunshine. With a rainy season from November to April total annual precipitation ranges from 20 – 30 inches (50- 70 cm.) in the north to less than an inch (2cm.) in the far south.

In Israel, the certain areas such as the Central Arava and the Jordan Valley characterized by high heat radiation and adequate temperatures (desert condition) provide the good agriculture, due to use of fertilization. 90% of its residents are successful farmers. In the summer temperatures regularly surpass 40°C, while humidity is fairly low. Winter temperatures are mostly mild.  The water in Arava is not connected to the national water system, but is supplied by local wells. The Central Arava Regional Council was established in 1978. The area under the Council's jurisdiction is 1.5 million Dunam, or 6% of Israeli land. The central Arava of the Israel has the regional center Sapir and 5 Moshavim.

Most people in the Arava are farmers. All agricultural activities run by all farmers in the Arava is the purpose of earning good profits and big. Agricultural activities carried on in the Arava such as: fisheries, Horticulture, Fruits and Plantation.

In our research, we did in Moshaf  Hazeva, doing research in the difference in the palm of dates using salty water and sewage water. Our farmer decided us do research on this topic because to know the circulation of salty water and sewage water in order to know which water is nicer to be in use in the cultivation of palm, producing result with good quality and quantity and also law cost.

We also decided to do research on this topic because we also want to know which of the water quality good for the cultivation of palm and can produce good result for farmers.

The research was conducted with the same variety that Medjool, the difference by using salty water and sewage water. The research was conducted with two replications, to measure the size and quality of the class A,B,C and D. Each replication there 5kg dates, 2,5kg of palm cultivation by using salty water and 2,5kg  of palm cultivation by using sewage water, so the total number of dates palm cultivation by using salty water is 5kg and the number of dates of cultivation by using sewage water is 5kg. Total: 10kg.

Cultivation of dates by using salty water on the run 10 years and cultivation of dates using sewage water had entered 13 years. Spacing between plants 9m. The number of plants per dunam 12 and 120 per hectare. Cultivation of dates by using salty water in final quotation on the date 21.12.2016 and the cultivation of dates by using sewage water in final quotation on the date 12.20.2016.

1.2 Objectives

The objectives to do this research are:

1.      To compare palm dates using salty water with fertilization and palm dates using sewage water.

2.      To know the yield of palm dates using salty water with fertilization and sewage water without fertilization.

3.      To know the quality of water for palm dates.

4.      To know size and the quality of class premium, classic, standard and industry.

1.3 Benefits

The benefits to do this research are:

1.      Can know the yield of palm dates by using salty water with fertilization and sewage water without fertilization

2.      Can know the quality of water.

3.      Can know size and the quality of dates in class premium, classic, standard and industry.

1.4 Hypothesis

The yield of palm dates using salty water with fertilization is better than palm dates using sewage water without fertilization.

CHAPTER II

MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Place and Date

The research took place in Hazeva, on 13 December 2016 in packing house of dates in farm no.300. The research was about Comparison Between Palm Dates Using Salty Water With Fertilization And Palm Dates Using Sewage Water Without Fertilization.

2.2 Materials

The materials that used in this project were:

·         Box

·         Scale

·         Pena

·         Book

2.3 Methods

The method of research are:

·         Measuring. Measuring is the principal way to know the size and quality of something. In this case measuring is very important because to know the size and the quality of class premium, classic, standard and industry we must do this method to  measure fruits from palm dates by using salty water and palm dates by using sewage water by scale.

·         Writing. Writing is the important method that we must do to write down the results after we measure.

Make two repetitions, first repetition measure 5 kg of fruits from palm dates by using salty water and 5 kg of fruits from palm dates by using sewage water by scale, and second repetition also 5 kg of fruits from palm dates by using salty water and 5 kg of fruits from palm dates by using sewage water by scale. After measure size and the quality of class premium, classic, standard and industry input all the data to Excel.

CHAPTER III

RESULTS

The research took place in Hazeva, on 13 December 2016 in packing house of dates in farm no.300. The research was about Comparison Between Palm Dates Using Salty Water With Fertilization And Palm Dates Using Sewage Water Without Fertilization. The objective of this research to find the effect of the difference in water on palm size and quality.

Table 1 and graphic 1;

 The results of palm dates by using salty water with fertilization (Line 6) and sewage water without fertilization (Line 9) after measuring the size and determined the quality of extra large (XL) for export in premium, classic and standard.

Table 1: Number of dates after divided to classes

Size XL L M S Line Line 9 Line 6 Line 9 Line 6 Line 9 Line 6 Line 9 Line 6 Premium 0 55 76 140 763 783 620 720 Classic 27 0 309 23 669 694 517 1029 Standard 0 0 122 48 904 591 605 601

Ø  Premium; is the best fruits in class A that is ready to export.

The table above shows the results of palm in premium according to the size EXTRA LARGE in line 6 XL: 55gr, line 9, XL: 0gr. In this results, specially in class A premium of palm dates by using salty water in line 6 for the size Extra Large got more fruits and  bigger  than palm dates by using sewage water.

Ø  Classic ; is good fruits after premium in class B that also can export for international market and local market.

The table above shows the results of palm in classic according to the size EXTRA LARGE in line 6 XL: 0gr, line 9 XL: 27gr. In this results, specially in class B classic of palm dates by using salty water in line 6 for the size Extra Large didn’t have fruits and palm dates by using sewage water got more fruits.

Ø  Standard; is the fruits in class C.

The table above shows the results of palm in standard  according to the size EXTRA LARGE  in line 6 XL: 0gr, line 9 XL: 0gr. In this results, specially in class C standard of palm dates by using salty water in line 6 for the size Extra Large didn’t have fruits and palm dates by using sewage water also didn’t have fruits.

Table 2 and graph 2; 

The results of palm dates by using salty water with fertilization (Line 6) and sewage water without fertilization (Line 9) after measuring the size and determined the quality of large (L) for export in premium, classic and standard.

Table 2: Number of dates after divided to classes

Size	XL		L		M		S
Line	Line 9	Line 6	Line 9	Line 6	Line 9	Line 6	Line 9	Line 6
Premium	0	55	76	140	763	783	620	720
Classic	27	0	309	23	669	694	517	1029
Standard	0	0	122	48	904	591	605	601

Ø  Premium; is the best fruits in class A that is ready to export.

The table above shows the results of palm in premium according to the size  LARGE in line 6 L: 140gr, line 9 L: 76gr. In this results, specially in class A premium of palm dates by using salty water in line 6 for the size Large got more fruits and  big than palm dates by using sewage water.

Ø  Classic ; is good fruits after premium in class B that also can export for international market and local market.

The table above shows the results of palm in classic according to the size  LARGE in line 6 L:23gr, line 9 L: 309gr. In this results, specially in class B classic of palm dates by using salty water in line 6 for the size Large got less fruits than palm dates by using sewage water.

Ø  Standard; is the fruits in class C.

The table above shows the results of palm in standard  according to the size  LARGE  in line 6 L: 48gr, line 9 L: 122gr. In this results, specially in class C standard of palm dates by using salty water in line 6 for the size Large got less fruits than palm dates by using sewage water.

 Table 3 and graph 3; 

The results of palm dates by using salty water with fertilization (Line 6) and sewage water without fertilization (Line 9) after measuring the size and determined the quality of medium (M) for export in premium, classic and standard.

Table 3: Number of dates after divided to classes

Size	XL		L		M		S
Line	Line 9	Line 6	Line 9	Line 6	Line 9	Line 6	Line 9	Line 6
Premium	0	55	76	140	763	783	620	720
Classic	27	0	309	23	669	694	517	1029
Standard	0	0	122	48	904	591	605	601

Ø  Premium; is the best fruits in class A that is ready to export.

The table above shows the results of palm in premium according to the size  MEDIUM in line 6 M: 783gr, line 9 M: 763gr. In this results, specially in class A premium of palm dates by using salty water in line 6 for the size medium got more fruits and than palm dates by using sewage water.

Ø  Classic ; is good fruits after premium in class B that also can export for international market and local market.

The table above shows the results of palm in classic according to the size  MEDIUM in line 6 M: 694gr, line 9 M: 669gr. In this results, specially in class B classic of palm dates by using salty water in line 6 for the size medium got more fruits  than palm dates by using sewage water.

Ø  Standard; is the fruits in class C.

The table above shows the results of palm in standard  according to the size  MEDIUM in line 6 M: 591gr, line 9 M: 904gr. In this results, specially in class C standard of palm dates by using salty water in line 6 for the size medium got less fruits than palm dates by using sewage water.

Table 4 and graph 4; 

The results of palm dates by using salty water with fertilization (Line 6) and sewage water without fertilization (Line 9) after measuring the size and determined the quality of small (S) for export in premium, classic and standard.

Table 4: Number of dates after divided to classes

Size	XL		L		M		S
Line	Line 9	Line 6	Line 9	Line 6	Line 9	Line 6	Line 9	Line 6
Premium	0	55	76	140	763	783	620	720
Classic	27	0	309	23	669	694	517	1029
Standard	0	0	122	48	904	591	605	601

Ø  Premium; is the best fruits in class A that is ready to export.

The table above shows the results of palm in premium according to the size  SMALL : in line 6 S:720gr, line 9 S: 620gr. In this results, specially in class A premium of palm dates by using salty water in line 6 for the size small got more fruits  than palm dates by using sewage water.

Ø  Classic ; is good fruits after premium in class B that also can export for international market and local market.

The table above shows the results of palm in classic according to the size  SMALL in line 6 S:1029gr, line 9 S:517gr. In this results, specially in class B classic of palm dates by using salty water in line 6 for the size small got more fruits and  bigger  than palm dates by using sewage water.

Ø  Standard; is the fruits in class C.

The table above shows the results of palm in standard  according to the size  SMALL in line 6 S:601gr, line 9 S: 605gr. In this results, specially in class C standard of palm dates by using salty water in line 6 for the size small got more fruits than palm dates by using sewage water.

Table 5 and graph 5; 

The total of palm dates by using salty water with fertilization (Line 6) and sewage water without fertilization (Line 9) after determined the quality premium, classic, standard and industry.

Table 5: Number of dates after divided to classes

Line	6	9
Premium	1,698	1,459
Classic	1,746	1,522
Standard	1,240	1,631
Industry	316	388

Ø  Total of premium in line 6 from XL+L+M+S= 1,698gr and line 9 from XL+L+M+S= 1,459gr. In this results, specially in class A premium of palm dates by using salty water in line 6  got more fruits  than palm dates by using sewage water.

Ø  Total of classic in line 6 from XL+L+M+S= 1,746gr and line 9 from XL+L+M+S= 1,522gr. In this results, specially in class B classic of palm dates by using salty water in line 6 also got more fruits  than palm dates by using sewage water.

Ø  Total of standard in line 6 from XL+L+M+S= 1,240gr and line 9 from XL+L+M+S= 1,631gr. In this results, specially in class C standard of palm dates by using salty water in line 6  got less fruits  than palm dates by using sewage water.

Ø  Total of industry in line 6= 316gr and line 9= 388gr. In this results, specially in class D industry of palm dates by using salty water in line 6  got less than palm dates by using sewage water.

                                                                   DISCUSSION

The total of palm dates using salty water with fertilization (Line 6) and palm dates using sewage water without fertilization (Line 9) after measuring the size  and determined the quality in premium, classic, standard and industry.

Ø  Total in premium in line 6 from XL+L+M+S= 1,698gr and line 9 from XL+L+M+S= 1,459gr. In this results, specially in class A premium of palm dates by using salty water in line 6  got more fruits  than palm dates by using sewage water. It means that palm dates by using salty water with fertilization is good because in class A premium got more fruits than palm dates by using sewage water without fertilization.

Ø  Total in classic in line 6 from XL+L+M+S= 1,746gr and line 9 from XL+L+M+S= 1,522gr. In this results, specially in class B classic of palm dates by using salty water in line 6 also got more fruits  than palm dates by using sewage water. It means that palm dates by using salty water with fertilization is good because in class B classic also got more fruits than palm dates by using sewage water without fertilization.

Ø  Total in standard in line 6 from XL+L+M+S= 1,240gr and line 9 from XL+L+M+S= 1,631gr. In this results, specially in class C standard of palm dates by using salty water in line 6  got less fruits  than palm dates by using sewage water. It means that palm dates by using sewage water without fertilization only good and got more fruits in class C Standard.

Ø  Total in industry in line 6= 316gr and line 9= 388gr. In this results, specially in class D industry of palm dates by using salty water in line 6  got less garbage than palm dates by using sewage water. It means that palm dates by using salty water with fertilization is good because got less garbage than palm dates by using sewage water without fertilization.

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION

4.1  Conclusion

According to the research that took place in Hazeva in packing house of dates in farm no.300, can get the conclusion that palm dates using salty water with fertilization is good than palm dates using sewage water without fertilization as the results that we got after research.

4.2  Recommendation

According to the results that we got in the research, we have recommendation for the relevant institutions in next research as follows:

Ø  For the farmer, if possible can grow dates by using salty water with fertilization because get good results and fruits in the quality of premium, classic and get less garbage than grow dates by using sewage water without fertilization.

Ø  For AICAT, if possible give the opportunity for the next students to continue the research about this topic in order to know the results for the next time to make it sure that get same results or different.

Ø  For the next research, hope that will continue about this topic as well in order to know the results for the next time to make it sure that get same results or different.

 

EAST TIMOR LINK       

East Timor is a small, tropical, half-island nation with a population of approximately 1.4 million, of whom over 63%  are engaged in crop production. A typical farming household in East Timor is unable to derive a wide diversity of food crops and animals. The agricultural system that use in East Timor is still in Traditional and Semi Modern system. That’s why this is like a big opportunity for us to learn and get knowledge, skill and experience about modern agriculture and high technology in Israel to implement in our beloved country East Timor.

In my plan, when I go back to my country I decide  to grow tomato inside green house and use  drip irrigation as what I saw and I learn in Israel.

APPENDIX A

Appendix A: An experiment:

Student's Name           : Eurosia Guterres Pereira                   sign:

Farmer's Name            : Yashika Aviv                                    sign:

Supervisor's Name      : Nadav Toury                                     sign:

Translator Name          : Angela                                               sign:

Treatment 2	Treatment 1
Dates	Dates	Crop type
Madjol Plot no. 9	Madjol Plot no. 6	Varieties
2014	2007	Date of plating/seeding
20 December 2016	21 December 2016	Date of picking/end
12/dunam and 120/per hectare	12/dunam and 120 per hectare	Number of plants per dunam.
Open Field	Open Field	Structure Name
Palm dates by using sewage water without fertilization	Palm dates by using salty water and fertilization	Treatment (Very important to change only one variable between treatments) At least two treatments
Water by computer	Water by computer	Control
2	2	Repetition number At least 3 repitition
1	1	Plants number At least 20 plants
Size, quality of class A, B, C, D.	Size, quality of class A, B, C, D.	Measurement method
Just 1 day	Just 1 day	How often do measured?
According to our research palm dates using sewage water without fertilization produce not good yield	According to our research palm dates using salty water with fertilization produce good yield	Comments

APPENDIX B

Student's Name:

EUROSIA GUTERRES PEREIRA

The Research Question:

The effect of the quality of the water on the yield of palms

Hypothesis:

The yield of palm dates using salty water with fertilization is better than palm dates using sewage water without fertilization

The Independent Variable (The variable that affects):

Quality of water

How do we change the  independent variable?

Salty water with fertilization.

Sewage water without fertilization.

The Dependent Variable (the variable is affected):

Yield of palms

How do we measure the dependent variable?

We measure size and the quality of class A, B, C, D.

Control Variables: same variety, same distance, same amount water.

BILBLIOGRAPHY

Front. Plant Sci., 18 May 2015 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00348

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