COMPARISON
BETWEEN PALM DATES USING SALTY WATER WITH FERTILIZATION AND PALM DATES USING
SEWAGE WATER WITHOUT FERTILIZATION
BY
EURÓSIA GUTERRES PEREIRA
Supervisor :
Nadav Tour
Farmer : Yashika Aviv
Farmer : Yashika Aviv
ARRAVA
INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR AGRICULTURE
TRAINING
AICAT – ISRAEL
2016 - 2017
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Israel is a small country located in Middle East.
The total area of the State of Israel is 22,145 sq.km.(8,630 sq. miles), of
which 21,67sq.km. (8,367 sq. miles) is land area. Israel is some 290 miles (470
km.) in length and about 85 miles (135 km.) across at the widest point. The
country is bordered by Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan to
the east, Egypt to the southwest and the Mediterranean Sea to the west.
Israel's climate ranges from temperate to tropical, with plenty of sunshine.
With a rainy season from November to April total annual precipitation ranges
from 20 – 30 inches (50- 70 cm.) in the north to less than an inch (2cm.) in
the far south.
In Israel, the certain areas such as the Central
Arava and the Jordan Valley characterized by high heat radiation and adequate
temperatures (desert condition) provide the good agriculture, due to use of fertilization.
90% of its residents are successful farmers. In the summer temperatures
regularly surpass 40°C, while humidity is fairly low. Winter temperatures are
mostly mild. The water in Arava is not connected to the national water
system, but is supplied by local wells. The Central Arava Regional Council was
established in 1978. The area under the Council's jurisdiction is 1.5 million
Dunam, or 6% of Israeli land. The central Arava of the Israel has the regional
center Sapir and 5 Moshavim.
Most people in the Arava are farmers. All
agricultural activities run by all farmers in the Arava is the purpose of
earning good profits and big. Agricultural activities carried on in the Arava
such as: fisheries, Horticulture, Fruits and Plantation.
In our research, we did in Moshaf Hazeva, doing research in the difference in
the palm of dates using salty water and sewage water. Our farmer decided us do
research on this topic because to know the circulation of salty water and
sewage water in order to know which water is nicer to be in use in the
cultivation of palm, producing result with good quality and quantity and also
law cost.
We also decided to do research on this topic because
we also want to know which of the water quality good for the cultivation of
palm and can produce good result for farmers.
The research was conducted with the same variety
that Medjool, the difference by using salty water and sewage water. The
research was conducted with two replications, to measure the size and quality
of the class A,B,C and D. Each replication there 5kg dates, 2,5kg of palm
cultivation by using salty water and 2,5kg
of palm cultivation by using sewage water, so the total number of dates
palm cultivation by using salty water is 5kg and the number of dates of
cultivation by using sewage water is 5kg. Total: 10kg.
Cultivation of dates by using salty water on the run
10 years and cultivation of dates using sewage water had entered 13 years.
Spacing between plants 9m. The number of plants per dunam 12 and 120 per
hectare. Cultivation of dates by using salty water in final quotation on the
date 21.12.2016 and the cultivation of dates by using sewage water in final
quotation on the date 12.20.2016.
1.2 Objectives
The objectives to do this research are:
1.
To compare palm
dates using salty water with fertilization and palm dates using sewage water.
2.
To know the
yield of palm dates using salty water with fertilization and sewage water
without fertilization.
3.
To know the
quality of water for palm dates.
4.
To know size and
the quality of class premium, classic, standard and industry.
1.3 Benefits
The benefits to do this research are:
1.
Can know the
yield of palm dates by using salty water with fertilization and sewage water
without fertilization
2.
Can know the
quality of water.
3.
Can know size
and the quality of dates in class premium, classic, standard and industry.
1.4 Hypothesis
The yield of palm dates using salty water with
fertilization is better than palm dates using sewage water without
fertilization.
CHAPTER II
MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Place and Date
The research took place in Hazeva, on 13 December
2016 in packing house of dates in farm no.300. The research was about
Comparison Between Palm Dates Using Salty Water With Fertilization And Palm
Dates Using Sewage Water Without Fertilization.
2.2 Materials
The materials that used in this project were:
·
Box
·
Scale
·
Pena
·
Book
2.3 Methods
The method of research are:
·
Measuring.
Measuring is the principal way to know the size and quality of something. In
this case measuring is very important because to know the size and the quality
of class premium, classic, standard and industry we must do this method to measure fruits from palm dates by using salty
water and palm dates by using sewage water by scale.
·
Writing. Writing
is the important method that we must do to write down the results after we
measure.
Make two repetitions, first repetition measure 5 kg
of fruits from palm dates by using salty water and 5 kg of fruits from palm
dates by using sewage water by scale, and second repetition also 5 kg of fruits
from palm dates by using salty water and 5 kg of fruits from palm dates by
using sewage water by scale. After measure size and the quality of class
premium, classic, standard and industry input all the data to Excel.
CHAPTER III
RESULTS
The research took place in Hazeva, on 13 December
2016 in packing house of dates in farm no.300. The research was about
Comparison Between Palm Dates Using Salty Water With Fertilization And Palm
Dates Using Sewage Water Without Fertilization. The objective of this research
to find the effect of the difference in water on palm size and quality.
Table 1 and
graphic 1;
The results of palm
dates by using salty water with fertilization (Line 6) and sewage water without
fertilization (Line 9) after measuring the size and determined the quality of
extra large (XL) for export in premium, classic and standard.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ø Premium; is the best fruits in class A that is ready to
export.
The table above shows
the results of palm in premium according to the size EXTRA LARGE in line 6 XL:
55gr, line 9, XL: 0gr. In this results, specially in class A premium of palm
dates by using salty water in line 6 for the size Extra Large got more fruits
and bigger than palm dates by using sewage water.
Ø Classic ; is good fruits after premium in class B that also can
export for international market and local market.
The table above shows
the results of palm in classic according to the size EXTRA LARGE in line 6 XL:
0gr, line 9 XL: 27gr. In this results, specially in class B classic of palm
dates by using salty water in line 6 for the size Extra Large didn’t have
fruits and palm dates by using sewage water got more fruits.
Ø Standard; is the fruits in class C.
The table above shows
the results of palm in standard
according to the size EXTRA LARGE
in line 6 XL: 0gr, line 9 XL: 0gr. In this results, specially in class C
standard of palm dates by using salty water in line 6 for the size Extra Large
didn’t have fruits and palm dates by using sewage water also didn’t have
fruits.
Table 2 and
graph 2;
The results of palm
dates by using salty water with fertilization (Line 6) and sewage water without
fertilization (Line 9) after measuring the size and determined the quality of
large (L) for export in premium, classic and standard.
Table 2: Number of dates after divided to classes
Size
|
XL
|
L
|
M
|
S
|
||||
Line
|
Line 9
|
Line 6
|
Line 9
|
Line 6
|
Line 9
|
Line 6
|
Line 9
|
Line 6
|
Premium
|
0
|
55
|
76
|
140
|
763
|
783
|
620
|
720
|
Classic
|
27
|
0
|
309
|
23
|
669
|
694
|
517
|
1029
|
Standard
|
0
|
0
|
122
|
48
|
904
|
591
|
605
|
601
|
Ø Premium; is the best fruits in class A that is ready to
export.
The table above shows
the results of palm in premium according to the size LARGE in line 6 L: 140gr, line 9 L: 76gr. In
this results, specially in class A premium of palm dates by using salty water
in line 6 for the size Large got more fruits and big than palm dates by using sewage water.
Ø Classic ; is good fruits after premium in class B that also can
export for international market and local market.
The table above shows
the results of palm in classic according to the size LARGE in line 6 L:23gr, line 9 L: 309gr. In
this results, specially in class B classic of palm dates by using salty water
in line 6 for the size Large got less fruits than palm dates by using sewage
water.
Ø Standard; is the fruits in class C.
The table above shows
the results of palm in standard
according to the size LARGE in line 6 L: 48gr, line 9 L: 122gr. In this
results, specially in class C standard of palm dates by using salty water in
line 6 for the size Large got less fruits than palm dates by using sewage
water.
Table 3 and
graph 3;
The results of palm
dates by using salty water with fertilization (Line 6) and sewage water without
fertilization (Line 9) after measuring the size and determined the quality of
medium (M) for export in premium, classic and standard.
Table 3: Number of dates after divided to classes
Size
|
XL
|
L
|
M
|
S
|
||||
Line
|
Line 9
|
Line 6
|
Line 9
|
Line 6
|
Line 9
|
Line 6
|
Line 9
|
Line 6
|
Premium
|
0
|
55
|
76
|
140
|
763
|
783
|
620
|
720
|
Classic
|
27
|
0
|
309
|
23
|
669
|
694
|
517
|
1029
|
Standard
|
0
|
0
|
122
|
48
|
904
|
591
|
605
|
601
|
Ø Premium; is the best fruits in class A that is ready to
export.
The table above shows
the results of palm in premium according to the size MEDIUM in line 6 M: 783gr, line 9 M: 763gr.
In this results, specially in class A premium of palm dates by using salty
water in line 6 for the size medium got more fruits and than palm dates by
using sewage water.
Ø Classic ; is good fruits after premium in class B that also can
export for international market and local market.
The table above shows
the results of palm in classic according to the size MEDIUM in line 6 M: 694gr, line 9 M: 669gr.
In this results, specially in class B classic of palm dates by using salty
water in line 6 for the size medium got more fruits than palm dates by using sewage water.
Ø Standard; is the fruits in class C.
The table above shows
the results of palm in standard
according to the size MEDIUM in line
6 M: 591gr, line 9 M: 904gr. In this results, specially in class C standard of
palm dates by using salty water in line 6 for the size medium got less fruits
than palm dates by using sewage water.
Table 4 and
graph 4;
The results of palm
dates by using salty water with fertilization (Line 6) and sewage water without
fertilization (Line 9) after measuring the size and determined the quality of
small (S) for export in premium, classic and standard.
Table 4: Number of dates after divided to classes
Size
|
XL
|
L
|
M
|
S
|
||||
Line
|
Line 9
|
Line 6
|
Line 9
|
Line 6
|
Line 9
|
Line 6
|
Line 9
|
Line 6
|
Premium
|
0
|
55
|
76
|
140
|
763
|
783
|
620
|
720
|
Classic
|
27
|
0
|
309
|
23
|
669
|
694
|
517
|
1029
|
Standard
|
0
|
0
|
122
|
48
|
904
|
591
|
605
|
601
|
Ø Premium; is the best fruits in class A that is ready to
export.
The table above shows
the results of palm in premium according to the size SMALL : in line 6 S:720gr, line 9 S: 620gr.
In this results, specially in class A premium of palm dates by using salty
water in line 6 for the size small got more fruits than palm dates by using sewage water.
Ø Classic ; is good fruits after premium in class B that also can
export for international market and local market.
The table above shows
the results of palm in classic according to the size SMALL in line 6 S:1029gr, line 9 S:517gr. In
this results, specially in class B classic of palm dates by using salty water
in line 6 for the size small got more fruits and bigger
than palm dates by using sewage water.
Ø Standard; is the fruits in class C.
The table above shows
the results of palm in standard according
to the size SMALL in line 6 S:601gr,
line 9 S: 605gr. In this results, specially in class C standard of palm dates
by using salty water in line 6 for the size small got more fruits than palm
dates by using sewage water.
Table 5 and
graph 5;
The total of palm
dates by using salty water with fertilization (Line 6) and sewage water without
fertilization (Line 9) after determined the quality premium, classic, standard
and industry.
Table 5: Number of dates after divided to classes
Line
|
6
|
9
|
Premium
|
1,698
|
1,459
|
Classic
|
1,746
|
1,522
|
Standard
|
1,240
|
1,631
|
Industry
|
316
|
388
|
Ø Total of premium in line 6 from XL+L+M+S= 1,698gr
and line 9 from XL+L+M+S= 1,459gr. In this results, specially in class A
premium of palm dates by using salty water in line 6 got more fruits than palm dates by using sewage water.
Ø Total of classic in line 6 from XL+L+M+S= 1,746gr
and line 9 from XL+L+M+S= 1,522gr. In this results, specially in class B
classic of palm dates by using salty water in line 6 also got more fruits than palm dates by using sewage water.
Ø Total of standard in line 6 from XL+L+M+S= 1,240gr
and line 9 from XL+L+M+S= 1,631gr. In this results, specially in class C
standard of palm dates by using salty water in line 6 got less fruits than palm dates by using sewage water.
Ø Total of industry in line 6= 316gr and line 9=
388gr. In this results, specially in class D industry of palm dates by using
salty water in line 6 got less than palm
dates by using sewage water.
DISCUSSION
The total of palm dates using salty
water with fertilization (Line 6) and palm dates using sewage water without
fertilization (Line 9) after measuring the size
and determined the quality in premium, classic, standard and industry.
Ø Total in premium in line 6 from XL+L+M+S= 1,698gr
and line 9 from XL+L+M+S= 1,459gr. In this results, specially in class A
premium of palm dates by using salty water in line 6 got more fruits than palm dates by using sewage water. It
means that palm dates by using salty water with fertilization is good because
in class A premium got more fruits than palm dates by using sewage water
without fertilization.
Ø Total in classic in line 6 from XL+L+M+S= 1,746gr
and line 9 from XL+L+M+S= 1,522gr. In this results, specially in class B
classic of palm dates by using salty water in line 6 also got more fruits than palm dates by using sewage water. It
means that palm dates by using salty water with fertilization is good because
in class B classic also got more fruits than palm dates by using sewage water
without fertilization.
Ø Total in standard in line 6 from XL+L+M+S= 1,240gr
and line 9 from XL+L+M+S= 1,631gr. In this results, specially in class C
standard of palm dates by using salty water in line 6 got less fruits than palm dates by using sewage water. It means
that palm dates by using sewage water without fertilization only good and got
more fruits in class C Standard.
Ø Total in industry in line 6= 316gr and line 9=
388gr. In this results, specially in class D industry of palm dates by using
salty water in line 6 got less garbage
than palm dates by using sewage water. It means that palm dates by using salty
water with fertilization is good because got less garbage than palm dates by
using sewage water without fertilization.
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
4.1 Conclusion
According to the
research that took place in Hazeva in packing house of dates in farm no.300,
can get the conclusion that palm dates using salty water with fertilization is
good than palm dates using sewage water without fertilization as the results
that we got after research.
4.2 Recommendation
According to the results that we got in the
research, we have recommendation for the relevant institutions in next research
as follows:
Ø For the farmer, if possible can grow dates by using
salty water with fertilization because get good results and fruits in the
quality of premium, classic and get less garbage than grow dates by using
sewage water without fertilization.
Ø For AICAT, if possible give the opportunity for the
next students to continue the research about this topic in order to know the
results for the next time to make it sure that get same results or different.
Ø For the next research, hope that will continue about
this topic as well in order to know the results for the next time to make it
sure that get same results or different.
EAST TIMOR LINK
East
Timor is a small, tropical, half-island nation with a population of
approximately 1.4 million, of whom over 63%
are engaged in crop production. A typical farming household in East
Timor is unable to derive a wide diversity of food crops and animals. The
agricultural system that use in East Timor is still in Traditional and Semi
Modern system. That’s why this is like a big opportunity for us to learn and
get knowledge, skill and experience about modern agriculture and high
technology in Israel to implement in our beloved country East Timor.
In
my plan, when I go back to my country I decide
to grow tomato inside green house and use drip irrigation as what I saw and I learn in
Israel.
APPENDIX
A
Appendix A: An experiment:
Student's Name : Eurosia Guterres Pereira sign:
Farmer's Name : Yashika Aviv sign:
Supervisor's Name : Nadav Toury sign:
Translator Name : Angela sign:
Treatment 2
|
Treatment 1
|
|
Dates
|
Dates
|
Crop type
|
Madjol Plot no. 9
|
Madjol Plot no. 6
|
Varieties
|
2014
|
2007
|
Date of
plating/seeding
|
20 December 2016
|
21 December 2016
|
Date of
picking/end
|
12/dunam and 120/per hectare
|
12/dunam and 120 per hectare
|
Number of
plants per dunam.
|
Open Field
|
Open Field
|
Structure
Name
|
Palm dates by using sewage water without fertilization
|
Palm dates by using salty water and fertilization
|
Treatment
(Very important to change only one variable between treatments)
At least two
treatments
|
Water by computer
|
Water by computer
|
Control
|
2
|
2
|
Repetition
number
At least 3
repitition
|
1
|
1
|
Plants number
At least 20
plants
|
Size, quality of class A, B, C, D.
|
Size, quality of class A, B, C, D.
|
Measurement
method
|
Just 1 day
|
Just 1 day
|
How often do
measured?
|
According to
our research palm dates using sewage water without fertilization produce not
good yield
|
According to
our research palm dates using salty water with fertilization produce good
yield
|
Comments
|
APPENDIX B
Student's Name:
EUROSIA GUTERRES
PEREIRA
The Research Question:
The effect of the quality of the water on the yield of palms
Hypothesis:
The yield of palm dates using salty water with fertilization is better
than palm dates using sewage water without fertilization
The Independent
Variable (The variable that affects):
Quality of water
How do we change the independent variable?
Salty water with fertilization.
Sewage water without fertilization.
The Dependent
Variable (the variable is affected):
Yield of palms
How do we measure the dependent variable?
We measure size and
the quality of class A, B, C, D.
Control Variables: same variety, same
distance, same amount water.
BILBLIOGRAPHY
THE
PICTURES OF PRACTICING
Original writer:
Esmenia Laura
Eurosia G. Pereira
After the Research presentation we have to make it individually, so I posted it and edited little things by myself.
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